Multi-omics analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics to provide mechanistic insights into the effects of camellia oil in alleviating xerosis cutis

Camellia oil, renowned for its high nutritional and cosmetic values, is frequently employed to ameliorate dermatological conditions, including xerosis cutis (XC). However, there remains a paucity of systematic research elucidating its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in the management of XC. This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of Camellia oil, evaluate its therapeutic effects in an acetone-ether-water (AEW)-induced mouse model, and discover the underlying mechanisms of its action. The chemical composition was characterized analytically, and in vivo experiments were conducted using an AEW-induced mouse model to evaluate its therapeutic effects on skin lesions and pathology. Furthermore, multi-omics analyses (transcriptomics and proteomics) combined with in vitro cellular evaluations were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Camellia oil primarily consists of triolein and trilinolein, with bioactive dermatological constituents including squalene, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that Camellia oil significantly ameliorated skin lesions, inhibited abnormal epidermal thickening, and upregulated filaggrin (FLG) expression. Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analyses suggested that the barrier-repairing effects of Camellia oil are associated with enhanced eratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These findings were further supported by in vitro experiments. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for application of Camellia oil in dermatological care.