Multi-timescale rolling operation of distributed energy storage for wind accommodation with industrial load flexibility

Distributed energy storage systems (DESS) provide fast and controllable flexibility for mitigating wind power uncertainty and improving renewable energy integration. However, when DESS and high-energy-consuming loads (HEL) are jointly scheduled under a single economic objective, the correction that DESS achieves for short-term wind power forecast deviations is shaped by the cost coefficients and operating limits of all participating resources. To address this issue, this paper proposes a day-ahead and intra-day rolling scheduling method incorporating a residual-preserving procedure. The day-ahead stage determines the operating state of DESS and the production arrangement of HEL according to the wind power plan. In the intra-day stage, the minimum window residual attainable by DESS is first obtained from the updated wind power forecast subject to the charging and discharging power, state-of-charge and efficiency constraints of DESS; this residual is then imposed as a preserving condition on the economic re-dispatch, in which DESS, continuously adjustable HEL and conventional units jointly balance the remaining deviation. A multi-dimensional evaluation method is further developed to quantify the regulation capability, response speed and dispatch willingness of individual HEL, and the evaluation results determine which loads are called upon during the intra-day stage. Case studies on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network show that introducing HEL and DESS into the multi-timescale schedule reduces the wind curtailment cost by 46.87% and 39.33% in the day-ahead and intra-day stages, respectively. Under an identical resource configuration and identical evaluation results, replacing the conventional co-optimization by the residual-preserving rule reduces the remaining intra-day deviation energy after DESS correction by 26.35% and raises the share of intra-day deviation absorbed by DESS from 68.40% to 76.73%, while reducing the number of effective load–interval adjustment pairs of continuously adjustable HEL by 22.83%, at a 0.39% increase in total operating cost.