Prussian blue regulates ion dynamics in perovskite solar cells

Perovskite photovoltaics are limited by structural instabilities initiated during crystallization and amplified under operation. We report that a lattice-matched Prussian blue scaffold directs heterogeneous nucleation to produce highly oriented, strain-relaxed films. Its redox-active Fe–C≡N–Fe network mediates the conversion of Pb 0 and I 0 defects, and its rigid open framework suppresses A-site cation redistribution and the resulting electronic inhomogeneity under bias. This strategy yielded champion power conversion efficiencies of 26.1% (n-i-p) and 26.9% (p-i-n; 26.2% certified), scaling to 23.4% in 6-centimeter–by–6-centimeter minimodules and a certified 22.9% in 30-centimeter–by–30-centimeter submodules. Submodules with initial power conversion efficiencies ranging from 20.2 to 21.0% showed robust durability under accelerated aging and no discernible decline relative to a silicon reference over 5 months of outdoor testing.

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Publication Details

Journal
Science
Published
2026-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aef5487
Primary Topic
Perovskite Materials and Applications
Type
article
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article

Prussian blue regulates ion dynamics in perovskite solar cells

Yaohua Mai, Zhenhuang Su, Jun Yin, Linyuan Chen et al.
Science
Perovskite Materials and Applications
article

Prussian blue regulates ion dynamics in perovskite solar cells

Yaohua Mai, Zhenhuang Su, Jun Yin, Linyuan Chen, Pengfei An, Chenyi Yi, Fangwen Cheng, Binghui Wu, Xingyu Gao, Shaoqi Zhan, Nanfeng Zheng, Xian‐Kui Wei, Yu Chen, Zhiguo Qu, Jing Li, Hua Zhang, Junjie Zhou, Xinyu Lin, Xiaofeng Huang, Di Tian, Fang Cao, Jianhao Yang, Yu-Hao Hong, Zheng Dai, Mengen Ma, Chong Liu, Xin Li
article en

Abstract

Perovskite photovoltaics are limited by structural instabilities initiated during crystallization and amplified under operation. We report that a lattice-matched Prussian blue scaffold directs heterogeneous nucleation to produce highly oriented, strain-relaxed films. Its redox-active Fe–C≡N–Fe network mediates the conversion of Pb 0 and I 0 defects, and its rigid open framework suppresses A-site cation redistribution and the resulting electronic inhomogeneity under bias. This strategy yielded champion power conversion efficiencies of 26.1% (n-i-p) and 26.9% (p-i-n; 26.2% certified), scaling to 23.4% in 6-centimeter–by–6-centimeter minimodules and a certified 22.9% in 30-centimeter–by–30-centimeter submodules. Submodules with initial power conversion efficiencies ranging from 20.2 to 21.0% showed robust durability under accelerated aging and no discernible decline relative to a silicon reference over 5 months of outdoor testing.

ScienceVol. 393(6818)
Uppsala University (SE), Jinan University (CN), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (CN), Qinghai New Energy (China) (CN), Institute of High Energy Physics (CN), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (CN), Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CN), State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control (CN), Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN), Tsinghua University (CN)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 22%
Perovskite Materials and Applications
DOISourceOpenAlex
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