Theoretical and Methodological Framework for Occupational Safety and Civil Protection Education in Higher Education Under War-Related Risks

The full-scale war in Ukraine has fundamentally transformed the requirements for ensuring the safety of the educational environment and the professional training of higher education students. Under these conditions, occupational safety and civil protection education has become an essential component of developing professional competence, resilience, and preparedness for responding to emergency situations. The study aims to substantiate the theoretical and methodological framework for organising occupational safety and civil protection education for higher education students under war-related risks. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of contemporary scientific literature, the regulatory framework governing occupational safety, civil protection, and higher education, as well as competence-based, systems, interdisciplinary, risk-oriented, and student-centred approaches. The study identifies the key principles, pedagogical conditions, organisational forms, methods, and digital tools that enhance the effectiveness of occupational safety and civil protection education in higher education institutions operating under wartime conditions. The findings demonstrate that integrating occupational safety and civil protection into the educational process contributes to the development of safety competence, risk awareness, emergency preparedness, decision-making skills in crisis situations, and psychological resilience among higher education students. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of innovative teaching methods, digital learning technologies, simulation-based training, and practical exercises aimed at strengthening students' readiness to respond effectively to military threats and other emergencies. The proposed theoretical and methodological framework may serve as a basis for improving educational programmes, modernising occupational safety and civil protection curricula, and enhancing the quality of professional training in higher education institutions under conditions of increased security challenges.