Energy sustainable performance management model (e-SPMM) for smart buildings: a balanced-scorecard framework

Purpose This paper aims to propose an Energy Sustainable Performance Management Model (e-SPMM) for smart buildings and physical infrastructure. The model uses the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) to translate sustainability strategy into measurable energy objectives, key performance indicators and governance routines, while aligning energy management with ESG priorities, smart-building operations and disclosure requirements. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a conceptual framework-building approach. The e-SPMM is developed by integrating the causal and multi-perspective logic of the SBSC with key standards and policy references for building energy management, including ISO 50001, ISO 50006, EN ISO 52120–1, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the Smart Readiness Indicator and ESRS E1. Findings This paper shows that the SBSC offers an effective design grammar for structuring an energy-sustainable performance management system. The e-SPMM integrates energy efficiency, carbon performance, comfort, indoor air quality, automation intelligence, demand-side flexibility, data quality and measurement and verification into a single management architecture. It also outlines a stepwise approach for defining key performance indicators and linking them to dashboards, operational decisions and disclosure-ready evidence. Research limitations/implications This study is conceptual, and future research should test the framework through Delphi studies and case-based applications across different building types. Practical implications The model provides managers with a practical guide for designing integrated energy performance systems that support operational improvement, compliance and ESG reporting. Originality/value This paper offers a novel integration of ESG reporting, energy management standards and smart-building performance into a single, coherent SBSC-based framework.