An international position statement on practical approaches for inpatient continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery systems in adults
There is an urgent and unmet need for a practical clinical guideline addressing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in hospital settings. The goal with this position statement is to facilitate effective and safe use of these devices to improve glycaemic management, enhance outcomes and contribute to standardisation efforts in initiating or continuing the use of these devices in hospitals for non-critically ill hospitalised adults. The topics covered include selection criteria for management with diabetes technologies, CGM-derived glycaemic metrics and goals for adults with diabetes, insulin titration and administration guidelines, perioperative care, CGM alarm settings for hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, clinical staff training and workflows, integration of device data with the electronic health record, imaging tests considerations and discharge planning.
Authors
- Emma G. Wilmot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-6207)
- Kristen M. Kulasa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-5046)
- Kathleen Marie Dungan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-1595)
- Omar G. Mustafa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-809X)
- Kirsten Nørgaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-8271)
- Rodolfo Javier Galindo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-3225)
- Ulrik Pedersen‐Bjergaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-4880)
- Hood Thabit (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-6997)
- Irl B. Hirsch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8417)
- Parizad Avari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-3589)
- Shashank Joshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-5821)
- Julia Katharina Mader (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-4233)
- Mikkel Thor Olsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-6168)
- David Norman O'Neal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-4032)
- Priyathama Vellanki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-015X)
- Alexandros Leonidas Liarakos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1713-3064)
- Guillermo E. Umpierrez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-5026)
- Francisco J. Pasquel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-6703)
- Julie M. Shaw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-787X)
- Alistair N. Lumb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7041-9534)
- Ketan Dhatariya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-9579)
- Elias K. Spanakis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-7172)
- Athena Philis‐Tsimikas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9630)
- Peter Lommer Kristensen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5431-824X)
- Roman Vangoitsenhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-669X)
- Chantal Mathieu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-2406)
Institutions
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Steno Diabetes Centers (DK)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of Miami (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of Washington (US)
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Royal Derby Hospital (GB)
- Lilavati Hospital & Research Centre (IN)
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Churchill Hospital (GB)
- Manchester Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne (AU)
- Zealand University Hospital (DK)
- Canadian Electricity Association (CA)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (GB)
- Baltimore VA Medical Center (US)
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute (US)
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- King's College Hospital (GB)
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (DK)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- KU Leuven (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2026-09-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8
- Primary Topic
- Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00