A cross-sectional study on sleep quality and its determinants among adults in an urban community of Mysuru

Sleep is an essential pillar of lifestyle medicine and plays a crucial role in maintaining physical, mental, and emotional health. Digital exposure and changing lifestyles are increasingly disrupting sleep among adults, resulting in adverse health outcomes. The objective of the study was to assess the sleep quality of adults in an urban community in Mysuru and identify the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with poor sleep. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months among 250 adults aged 30 years and above, in Bannimantap, an urban area of Mysuru. Data on sleep duration, quality and contributing lifestyle factors were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 using chi-square test and logistic regression. Mean age of participants was 49.94 ± 12.48 years, with 52.4% males, and poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was observed in 52.8%. In bivariate analysis, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with female gender, higher education, smoking, passive smoking, higher oil and sugar intake, prolonged screen time, and higher BMI ( p < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding factors, smoking, alcohol use, prolonged screen time before bed and presence of comorbidities remained independently associated with poor sleep quality, while a lactovegan diet showed a protective association. Poor sleep quality was highly prevalent among adults residing in the selected urban field practice area of Mysuru. Modifiable behavioral and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol use, screen exposure, and comorbidities were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Community-based interventions focusing on sleep hygiene and healthy lifestyle practices may help improve sleep health in urban populations.