A quantum-based educational framework for spatial sciences (geography) within Iran’s educational systems

The transition from traditional teaching methods to modern learning approaches emphasizes the active engagement of learners in the educational process. Quantum education represents an innovative instructional model that, through a holistic, multidimensional, and interactive framework, integrates learning with experience, practice, and free thinking. This study explores the application of quantum education in teaching spatial sciences within geography education in Iran. Using a qualitative, exploratory, and design-based research (DBR) approach, 25 geography students from a public university participated in the study. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and student reflections and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that quantum education enhances students’ active participation, spatial understanding, creative thinking, experiential learning, and ability to connect theoretical concepts with real-world geographical phenomena. The approach also promotes collaborative learning, reflection, and flexible thinking. Overall, quantum education provides a learner-centered and interactive framework for teaching spatial sciences and can contribute to more meaningful and effective geography education in higher education.