Structural equation modeling of emotion regulation and psychological distress in adolescence: the influence of socioeconomic status and gender differences

Abstract Adolescence represents a crucial developmental stage for acquiring emotion regulation skills, which play a vital role in managing psychological distress. Despite the recognized importance of these skills, the relationship between emotion regulation and psychological distress remains insufficiently understood. The purpose of this study was to examine and understand the relationship between emotion regulation and psychological distress among children and adolescents, as well as the impact of socioeconomic status and gender difference. A sample of 1844 adolescents (959 males; 52%) enrolled in public school from 5th to 8th grade was recruited using a random sampling method. Emotion Regulation was measured by a 5-item subscale of the Questionnaire on Self-Regulation [1]. Psychological distress was assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [2]. Findings of study revealed that emotion regulation and psychological distress are significantly negatively associated. Findings further revealed that higher socioeconomic status was associated with better emotion regulation and lower psychological distress. Findings of gender differences further depicted that while both boys and girls exhibited a negative relationship between emotion regulation and psychological distress, this association was stronger in girls compared to boys. These results demonstrate the moderating effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between emotion regulation and psychological distress, as well as gender differences of this relationship. These findings underscore the critical role of SES and gender in understanding this relationship among children and adolescents, suggesting important strategies for promoting psychological well-being and mental health in this population.