Recent advances in the green synthesis of N i‐based catalysts for biomass hydrogenation: A review

Abstract To mitigate fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass into hydrocarbon biofuels has emerged as a crucial pathway for energy transition. Ni‐based catalysts hold great promise for industrial applications owing to their abundant reserves, low cost, and outstanding hydrogenation activity. This review systematically examines green synthesis strategies for Ni‐based catalysts used in biomass HDO, focusing on confined encapsulation, solvent‐free grinding, electrochemical deposition, and hydrothermal synthesis. We compare the performance and engineering applicability of reduced, sulfided, phosphided, nitrided, and carbided Ni‐based catalysts. Addressing challenges such as sintering, deactivation, and high reaction temperatures, we propose future development directions encompassing low‐cost green preparation, low‐temperature high‐selectivity catalyst design, and anti‐deactivation optimization. These insights offer theoretical and technical support for the industrial implementation of Ni‐based catalysts in clean biofuel production.