Jute Fiber and Its Composites: An Overview of Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymer Composites and Their Influence on the Mechanical Performance

Natural fiber‑reinforced polymer composites have attracted significant attention in recent years as potential lightweight, eco-friendly replacements to conventional synthetic‑fiber‑reinforced composites. However, these benefits are largely dependent on factors such as fiber source, matrix chemistry, volume fraction of the fiber, fiber processing, environmental durability and life‑cycle analysis, rather than on a percentage reduction in cost, weight or energy usage. This review aims to provide a critical evaluation of jute‑fiber‑reinforced polymers, particularly focusing on thermoset and thermoplastic matrix systems, the use of bio-based resins, chemical nature of the fiber, surface modification techniques, process routes and the relationships between these factors. Jute is a very versatile type of vegetable fiber, widely used in structural composites. The present review provides an in-depth analysis of the existing literature on jute‑fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The most relevant findings regarding jute‑fiber-reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset composites are summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, an overview of the main properties of jute fibers, chemical treatments to improve their properties, the manufacturing and characterization of their composites, and future research opportunities are also highlighted. A systematic search was employed. The review followed specified inclusion-exclusion criteria and a structured literature-selection process within a defined time duration.