Analysis of the rs1048943 Polymorphism in the CYP1A1 Gene in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer: A Case–Control Study

Background The CYP1A1 Ile462Val (rs1048943 A > G) polymorphism has been associated with susceptibility to several cancers, but its role in laryngeal cancer remains unclear. This study investigated the association between rs1048943 and laryngeal cancer risk in a Sudanese population. Methods A hospital-based case–control study included 49 patients with histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer and 50 healthy controls. Genotyping of rs1048943 was performed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Associations were evaluated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The mean patient age was 51.2 years, and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological subtype. All patients carried the wild-type AA genotype, whereas four controls (8%) had the heterozygous AG genotype. No GG genotype was detected. The rs1048943 polymorphism was not significantly associated with laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.005–1.99; p = 0.133). Conclusions The CYP1A1 rs1048943 polymorphism was not associated with laryngeal cancer susceptibility in this Sudanese cohort. Larger studies investigating additional CYP1A1 variants and gene–environment interactions are needed to clarify the genetic basis of laryngeal carcinogenesis.