Beyond training and techniques – searching for an OSINT-tailored pedagogy and education

Since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, open-source intelligence (OSINT) has become widely recognised and accessible in the Western world. OSINT itself is not new as open-source information has always been part of intelligence collection. However, its accuracy, public trust, and accessibility have reached unprecedented levels in recent years. As a result, OSINT remains an under-theorized field and is rarely taught in universities worldwide. As a result, there is a growing demand for knowledge and skills that can be effectively applied in professional settings. Although intelligence education is already a topic of debate within intelligence studies, more attention could be given to how OSINT should be taught or integrated into higher education curricula. This research aims to explore a possible approach to OSINT education, emphasising critical thinking, data literacy, and an appreciation for epistemic openness.