Appreciation of Social Experiences and Solitude in Everyday Life: The SOcial Experiences' daiLy Occurrence Scale ( SOLO )

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Publication Details

Journal
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
Published
2026-09-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70146
Primary Topic
Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Appreciation of Social Experiences and Solitude in Everyday Life: The SOcial Experiences' daiLy Occurrence Scale ( SOLO )

Fatemeh Asgari, Erik Rimestad Frogner, Uta Sailer, Daniela Melitta Pfabigan
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
article

Appreciation of Social Experiences and Solitude in Everyday Life: The SOcial Experiences' daiLy Occurrence Scale ( SOLO )

Fatemeh Asgari, Erik Rimestad Frogner, Uta Sailer, Daniela Melitta Pfabigan
article en

Abstract

While social interactions and actively chosen solitude both contribute to well-being, existing measures focus solely on one dimension. We developed the SOcial experiences' daiLy Occurrence (SOLO) scale-a brief end-of-day diary measure capturing enjoyment of social interactions (including brief encounters with "weak ties") and solitude experiences. Two scale development and validation studies were conducted: single-day (N = 203) and 14-day (N = 75) assessments. The final SOLO consists of 13 items forming two scales, the Social Interaction subscale and the Solitude subscale. Both scales demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and meaningful relationships with well-being measures. The scales were independent, supporting the conceptualization of social enjoyment and solitude preference as distinct dimensions. The SOLO is therefore presented as two distinct scales. A composite score can be calculated if required, although subscale-level analyses are recommended given the empirical independence of the two dimensions. The SOLO's brief format offers a practical compromise between ecological momentary assessment and retrospective measures, enabling investigation of the distinct roles of social engagement and solitude in everyday life.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
University of Oslo (NO), Sykehuset i Vestfold (NO), University of Bergen (NO)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
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