Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor administration recovers peri-implant bone formation in type 2 diabetes: An experimental study using a type 2 diabetes rat model

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is risk factors in implant treatment and maintenance, and it is necessary to consider the effects of diabetes medications.ObjectiveThis study investigates whether oral administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, affects bone formation after implant placement.MethodsA total of 44 Goto-Kakizaki rats were used as a type 2 diabetes model, divided into two groups: the drug administration group (MD) and the non-administration group (GK). A total of 22 Wistar rats were used as the control group (CO). Titanium implants were implanted into the rat tibiae.ResultsHistological and SEM images showed that the GK group had significantly less bone formation than the CO group at both 2 and 4 weeks. No significant differences were observed between groups in serum biochemistry and body weight. Mechanical strength was significantly lower in the GK group than in the CO group at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels in the MD group were significantly lower than the baseline values at both 2 weeks and 4 weeks.ConclusionIn a diabetic rat model, the SGLT2 inhibitor restored implant bone formation without side effects. Further detailed research in clinical settings is needed on the effects of diabetes medications.