Methodological advances in polychromy research: A detailed non-invasive study of the Archaic temple of Apollo at Delphi

This study presents a comprehensive, non-invasive investigation of the polychromy onsculptural fragments from the West Pediment of the Archaic Temple of Apollo atDelphi. Utilizing a multimodal analytical framework, comprising macroscopic X-rayfluorescence (MA-XRF), Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), andremote spectral imaging (RSI), the research identifies a sophisticated palette includingcinnabar, Egyptian blue, hematite, goethite, and calcite. Notably, this work introduces amethodological innovation: the adaptation of Remote Light-Induced Fluorescence(RLIF) via a modified PRISMS system. By integrating near-infrared (NIR) filters withgreen LED excitation, this study marks the first application of this specific remoteconfiguration for the unambiguous mapping of Egyptian blue at a distance. Theintegrated data reveals structured decorative motifs, such as meanders and scalepatterns, alongside evidence of complex pigment layering. These findings suggestdeliberate chromatic strategies that bridge aesthetic sophistication with the ritualsignificance of the Delphic sanctuary. This research underscores the necessity ofmethodological complementarity in cultural heritage, providing a definitive foundationfor future 3D spatial reconstruction and informed conservation strategies.