Tinospora cordifolia Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GCMS) profiling and molecular docking related to antibacterial and antioxidant activity of its ethanol extract

The burden of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) prevalence has sparked renewed interest in exploring natural substances as possible alternatives to antibiotics. The proposed research was carried out to evaluate and explore the bio potential of Tinospora cordifolia. Stem were extracted with ethanol by Soxhlet method and volatile compounds were identified through Gas Chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) for compound detection. Antibacterial property was done by Kirby Bauer disc method against clinical pathogens. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelation, hydroxyl scavenging assay were carried out to determine antioxidant capacity. The GCMS results showed 10 different peaks and the bacterial growth inhibition was exhibited against all tested pathogens. The maximum inhibition zone of 21.33 mm was recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by 20.66 mm on Escherichia coli were comparatively greater inhibition than the standard antibiotic (18 mm). The antioxidant activity was recorded as 84% DPPH free radical scavenging, moderate metal chelation (55%), and hydroxyl scavenging (54%). Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibition was 73.0 ± 1.0 percentage. In silico experimental validation indicated that compound 7-nitro-4,5-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepin-3 (2h)-one has binding affinities of -6.6 to -7.6 against RNA synthetase, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), COX, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). These findings confirm the crude extract bioactivity, hypothesizing that the volatile compounds may serve as a promising lead for the development of a natural therapeutic agent from T. cordifolia. However, further In vivo studies, along with purification, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity evaluation, are needed to validate its efficacy.