The Modern Lobotomy: Closed-Loop Neuromodulation, Normalization by Algorithm, and the Disappearance of the Deviant Mind

{"Closed-loop":[0],"neuromodulation":[1],"systems,":[2],"particularly":[3],"adaptive":[4,32],"deep":[5,33],"brain":[6,34],"stimulation,":[7,35],"mark":[8],"a":[9],"new":[10],"phase":[11],"in":[12,78],"psychiatric":[13],"intervention,":[14],"extending":[15],"from":[16],"psychosurgery":[17],"through":[18,124],"pharmacological":[19],"stabilization":[20],"to":[21,45],"automated":[22,59],"algorithmic":[23,48],"regulation.":[24],"Drawing":[25],"on":[26,31],"Foucauldian":[27],"genealogy":[28],"and":[29,56,73,146],"research":[30],"this":[36,102],"article":[37],"develops":[38],"the":[39,83,106,119,122,139],"concept":[40],"of":[41,97,141,149],"\\"normalization":[42],"by":[43,104],"algorithm\\"":[44],"describe":[46],"how":[47],"systems":[49],"embed":[50],"normative":[51],"judgments":[52],"about":[53],"desirable":[54],"cognition":[55],"affect":[57],"within":[58],"architectures":[60],"operating":[61],"below":[62],"awareness.":[63],"Their":[64],"therapeutic":[65,136],"potential":[66],"for":[67],"severe":[68],"conditions":[69],"like":[70],"treatment-resistant":[71],"depression":[72],"obsessive-compulsive":[74],"disorder":[75],"is":[76,153],"assessed":[77],"full,":[79],"while":[80],"questioning":[81],"whether":[82],"neural":[84,144],"patterns":[85],"these":[86],"devices":[87],"target":[88],"are":[89],"always":[90],"separable":[91],"symptoms":[92],"rather":[93],"than":[94],"constitutive":[95],"aspects":[96],"identity.":[98],"Continuous":[99],"modulation":[100],"deepens":[101],"problem":[103],"eroding":[105],"evaluative":[107],"standpoint":[108],"consent":[109],"requires,":[110],"making":[111],"withdrawal":[112],"formally":[113],"possible":[114],"but":[115],"substantively":[116],"elusive":[117],"as":[118],"device":[120],"shapes":[121],"preferences":[123],"which":[125],"it":[126],"would":[127],"be":[128],"chosen.":[129],"Institutional":[130],"incentives":[131],"then":[132],"threaten":[133],"diffusion":[134],"beyond":[135],"settings,":[137],"pressing":[138],"question":[140],"who":[142],"defines":[143],"norms":[145],"what":[147],"becomes":[148],"agency":[150],"when":[151],"correction":[152],"continuous.":[154]}