I-V Characteristics of Corona Discharge of The Upper-Lower Electrode Arrangement

Corona discharge characterization is essential for industrial plasma devices such as electrostatic precipitators, where effective sharp electrode configurations can generate high discharge currents at relatively low potential differences efficiently and measurably. This study aims to determine the characteristic equation of the current-voltage (I-V) curve for DC corona plasma with both electrodes sharp, which represents the optimal condition for producing corona discharge. A geometric approach based on modified capacitance by introducing a current multiplier factor (k) on the sharp electrode surface is implemented. Corona discharge is assumed to depend on the maximum local electric field at the electrode tip, while k represents the asymmetric sharpness effect. The k value is determined through curve fitting using a Python Graphical User Interface (GUI). The electrode model is an inverted isosceles trapezoidal triangle (ITI-TL), with both electrodes designed as sharp surfaces. The upper sharp electrode produces a positive I-V gradient, while the lower sharp electrode produces a negative gradient. Accuracy is evaluated using R2. Results indicate that sharp electrode geometry strongly influences I–V behavior, producing positive or negative gradients depending on the dominant plasma flow region. Current multiplication factor (k) values of 1018–1019 confirm enhanced discharge intensity. Simulations achieved R2 ≥ 0.75 in 60% of cases, supporting the model's practical applicability. In conclusion, this study successfully formulated an analytical model of the I–V characteristics of DC corona discharge in an inverted trapezoidal isosceles-to-triangle line (ITI-TL) electrode configuration using a modified capacitance approach.