Barriers, limitations, and merits of mobility-enhancing devices among older adults and individuals with mobility impairments

PURPOSE: In older adults, mobility limitations cause functional decline, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life. Many mobility devices, walking aids, wheelchairs, wearables, and robotic technologies are designed to improve access, aid mobility, and enhance quality of life. This systematic review aims to systematically synthesise and critically evaluate the available evidence regarding mobility-enhancing assistive technologies. METHODS: Following PRISMA, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were systematically searched. Eligible studies included those on mobility-assistive devices measuring mobility outcomes, using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. Study selection and data extraction followed predefined criteria. Methodological quality was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Due to variation in study design, intervention, and measures, findings were synthesised narratively. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in these studies. The devices included in the final analysis were walking aids, wheelchairs, wearable or sensor-based systems, and robotic or exoskeletal devices. In the methodological appraisal of the studies included in the final analysis, there was considerable variability in study quality, and most were rated multidimensionally, with low to very low risk of bias across several domains. However, many studies still demonstrated consistent confounding and reporting bias. CONCLUSIONS: The diverse but methodologically heterogeneous evidence on mobility assistive devices in older adults and mobility-limited groups offers preliminary insights. However, standardised research is needed to build a robust evidence base for clinical practice.