Workplace Interventions to Promote Employees' Pro‐Environmental Behaviour: A Meta‐Analysis

ABSTRACT This meta‐analysis quantifies the effectiveness of workplace interventions to promote employees' pro‐environmental behaviour. It examines potential moderating factors, reports several tests for small‐study effects and publication bias, and challenges existing theoretical assumptions by applying the AMO framework to pro‐environmental workplace interventions. We synthesised m = 400 effects from k = 52 studies using random‐effects meta‐analytic models with the state‐of‐the‐art robust variance estimation (RVE) procedure to account for dependencies between effect sizes. We conducted moderation analyses to assess the influence of intervention methods directed at employees' abilities (informational and feedback interventions), motivation (financial incentives, competition, and tailoring), or opportunity (infrastructural interventions). Several procedures examined (and quantified) the presence (and size of) small‐study effects and publication bias (i.e., trim‐and‐fill, Egger's regression, PET‐PEESE, TESSPSST). Workplace interventions demonstrated a significant, small‐to‐moderate, positive effect on pro‐environmental behaviour (Hedges' g = 0.325). We found an indication for small‐study effects and publication bias, but the main effect remained robust and significant after bias‐correction and outlier exclusion. Moderation analyses revealed systematic differences in effect sizes, significance, prevalence, and heterogeneity. This meta‐analysis provides robust evidence for the effectiveness of pro‐environmental workplace interventions and, thus, highlights the potential of managerial HR measures to foster corporate sustainability. Based on the results, we challenge existing theoretical frameworks focusing on the individual‐level psychological constraints and use the AMO framework to highlight the importance of design features of interventions.