Balancing promise and risk: artificial intelligence use, knowledge, and perceptions among speech and language therapists in Türkiye

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential in Speech and Language Therapy, offering important opportunities while also raising risks that require careful consideration. Despite rapid developments, evidence on perspectives of speech and language therapists (SLTs) toward AI remains limited. In this context, the current study aimed to explore the knowledge, use, and perceptions of SLTs in Türkiye regarding AI. A mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative), cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 262 SLTs working across Türkiye were recruited through convenience sampling, via the national professional association’s mailing list, social media, and clinical/educational settings. The data collection took place between February and April 2025. Data were collected online using a questionnaire developed by the authors based on the recent AI literature in Speech and Language Therapy, including Likert-type and open-ended items covering demographics, AI knowledge, AI use, perceptions of the future of AI, and ethics. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and non-parametric statistics, while qualitative responses were examined using thematic analysis. A substantial proportion of participants reported using AI in professional practice, with usage varying significantly by years of experience. Less experienced SLTs demonstrated higher levels of AI use across disorder groups and clinical stages ( p < .01). Participants highlighted benefits such as increased efficiency in material preparation, time management, and academic tasks, while also expressing concerns about ethical issues, limited individualization, and potential impacts on professional roles. Qualitative findings indicated that AI was primarily perceived as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for SLTs, emphasizing the importance of human interaction and clinical expertise. The participants generally view AI as a useful and supportive tool; however, limitations remain in knowledge, proficiency, and ethical confidence. While AI shows considerable potential, its safe and effective integration requires improved AI literacy, clear ethical and professional guidelines, and stronger evidence-based practices.