Exploring the relationships between geomagnetic activity and terrestrial weather

Abstract Geomagnetic disturbances, as an important manifestation of space weather, not only affect the geospace environment but may also influence near-surface meteorological variables. However, the relationship between the two remains to be further investigated. This study employs a mathematical model that couples geomagnetic disturbances with terrestrial meteorological conditions to systematically analyze the correlations between geomagnetic disturbances and both temperature and wind speed. The validity of the model is verified through comparison with existing research findings. Taking the 500 kV transmission lines in Guangxi, China, as the study object, the correlations between geomagnetic disturbances and terrestrial weather are analyzed using data from the geomagnetic storm events on March 16–19, 2015, and May 10–13, 2024, as well as data on the once-in-50-year extreme meteorological conditions in Guangxi. The results indicate that wind speed is generally significantly positively correlated with the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances, while in cold winter regions, geomagnetic disturbances tend to be negatively correlated with temperature, consistent with findings based on statistical methods.