A County-Level Dataset of Crop Residue Biomass Resources and Bioenergy Potential in Anhui Province, China (2015–2024)

Crop residues are important renewable biomass resources with considerable potential for regional energy supply and low-carbon transition. However, existing biomass resource datasets often lack sufficient spatial resolution, crop-level information, and long-term consistency, limiting their applications in regional resource assessments and bioenergy planning. This study develops a crop-residue biomass resource and bioenergy-potential dataset for Anhui Province, China, by systematically transforming agricultural production information into spatially explicit biomass resource indicators. The dataset comprises two complementary panels: a 2020–2024 province-wide city- and county-level panel covering rice, wheat, corn, beans, and tubers, and a 2015–2024 long-term panel covering rice, wheat, corn, and beans in 47 major grain-producing counties. Considering crop-specific characteristics, resource accessibility, and energy-conversion properties, four indicators were developed: theoretical residue biomass, collectible residue biomass, theoretical bioenergy potential, and collectible bioenergy potential. The dataset integrates spatial resolution, temporal continuity, and crop heterogeneity, providing fundamental data support for biomass resource assessment, bioenergy planning, life-cycle analysis, and low-carbon scenario studies.