A Review Paper: The Pathophysiological Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Cardiovascular Efficiency Among Adolescents

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) remains a major global public health concern, particularly within adolescent demographics characterized by rapid physiological growth. This review paper investigates the pathophysiological mechanisms through which chronic iron deficiency impairs cardiovascular efficiency and myocardial oxygenation. By analyzing recent clinical literature, the study demonstrates that prolonged anemia triggers compensatory cardiac output changes, leading to tachycardia and increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. The paper emphasizes the necessity of early hematological screening and nutritional interventions within primary internal medicine to mitigate long-term cardiovascular risks.