The Turkish version of the traumatic injuries distress scale: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation

Objective The Traumatic Injury Distress Scale (TIDS) is a patient-reported prognostic screening tool designed to identify individuals at risk of poor recovery following acute musculoskeletal trauma. This study aimed to translate the TIDS into Turkish, perform its cross-cultural adaptation, and evaluate its validity and reliability, and enable its use for prognostic screening in Turkish-speaking clinical settings. Methods A total of 112 individuals aged 18–80 years were assessed for eligibility, and 95 participants with a history of traumatic injuries were included in the final analysis. After translation and cultural adaptation, the Turkish version of the questionnaire was completed by the participants. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC), while internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating TIDS scores with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Short Form-12 (SF-12), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were performed to assess the construct validity of the scale. Results Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-factor structure, and CFA showed excellent fit indices (χ 2 /df = 0.91, TLI = 0.95, CFI = 0.99, GFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.001), supporting the construct validity of the Turkish version of the TIDS. The ICC for test-retest reliability was 0.884, indicating excellent stability, while Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.734, indicating acceptable internal consistency. In addition, the total TIDS score showed correlations of varying strength with the HADS, SF-12, and PCS scores, supporting convergent validity. Conclusion The Turkish version of the TIDS can be considered a reliable and clinically useful instrument for assessing posttraumatic distress in Turkish-speaking populations, while also providing valuable prognostic information to inform treatment planning and management.