Diagnostic value of miR-410-5p combined with Doppler ultrasound in ovarian endometrioma and its regulatory mechanism via IL1A

Endometriosis affects millions of reproductive-aged women and lacks ideal non-invasive diagnostic methods. MicroRNAs are potential biomarkers for ovarian endometrioma. This study aimed to explore the expression, diagnostic value, and regulatory mechanism of miR-410-5p in ovarian endometrioma. A total of 105 patients with ovarian endometrioma and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum miR-410-5p and IL1A levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Uterine artery Doppler parameters were measured by color Doppler ultrasound. Diagnostic value was evaluated by the ROC curve and logistic regression. Cell experiments were performed in hEM15A and hESCs. MTT, Transwell, ELISA, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the functions and targeting relationship of miR-410-5p and IL1A. miR-410-5p was downregulated in ovarian endometrioma and associated with disease severity. The combined panel of miR-410-5p and Doppler indices exhibited discriminatory performance for isolated ovarian endometrioma within this single-center retrospective cohort. In vitro cellular data demonstrate that miR-410-5p attenuates pathological phenotypes of endometriotic cells via directly inhibiting IL1A, which provides preliminary mechanistic clues for understanding ovarian endometrioma pathogenesis. Within this single-center retrospective cohort limited to isolated ovarian endometrioma patients only, the combined signature of miR-410-5p and uterine artery Doppler indices exhibits favorable discriminatory capacity, though its generalizability to other endometriosis subtypes requires further verification. In vitro cell experiments indicate that miR-410-5p modulates proliferation, inflammatory secretion and EMT phenotypes of endometriotic cell lines through targeted repression of IL1A, without in vivo or longitudinal clinical evidence to confirm its causal effect on disease progression. Further multi-center prospective external validation, primary cell and animal model experiments are needed to verify the translational potential of the miR-410-5p/IL1A axis.