Tailoring interfacial hydrogen-bond networks for boosting electrocatalytic water splitting

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production, but its efficiency is hindered by sluggish hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) kinetics. Developing efficient electrocatalysts is therefore essential to enhance performance and reduce energy consumption. Recent studies highlight that tailoring interfacial hydrogen-bond networks (IHBNs) can activate water molecules, facilitate proton and electron transfer, and lower reaction energy barriers. This review summarizes recent advances in IHBN engineering, including basic behaviors, characterization techniques, and their roles in water splitting processes. The effects of IHBNs in different electrolytes, as well as their contributions to chlorine resistance under high current densities and in seawater electrolysis, are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are outlined, providing insights for the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting.