The Second Sch\"utte Number is Seven

A tournament has property $S_k$ when every set of $k$ vertices is dominated by a common vertex outside it, and $f(k)$ denotes the least order of a tournament with that property. The values $f(1) = 3$ and $f(2) = 7$ are classical; we prove the second here with both bounds machine-checked. The upper bound is realised by the Paley tournament on $Z/7$, in which $i$ beats $j$ when $j - i$ is a non-zero quadratic residue. The lower bound is an exhaustive search over all $2^15$ tournaments on six vertices. What makes such a search exhaustive is an encoding rather than an argument: a tournament is stored as the bits of its upper triangle, so antisymmetry becomes a property of the representation, and the numbers below $2^15$ enumerate the tournaments on six labelled vertices exactly once each.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22849407
Primary Topic
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Type
preprint
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preprint

The Second Sch\"utte Number is Seven

Christopher Mills
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
preprint

The Second Sch\"utte Number is Seven

Christopher Mills
preprint en

Abstract

A tournament has property $S_k$ when every set of $k$ vertices is dominated by a common vertex outside it, and $f(k)$ denotes the least order of a tournament with that property. The values $f(1) = 3$ and $f(2) = 7$ are classical; we prove the second here with both bounds machine-checked. The upper bound is realised by the Paley tournament on $Z/7$, in which $i$ beats $j$ when $j - i$ is a non-zero quadratic residue. The lower bound is an exhaustive search over all $2^15$ tournaments on six vertices. What makes such a search exhaustive is an encoding rather than an argument: a tournament is stored as the bits of its upper triangle, so antisymmetry becomes a property of the representation, and the numbers below $2^15$ enumerate the tournaments on six labelled vertices exactly once each.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
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