ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФРАКЦІЙ НАДКРИТИЧНИХ CO2 ЕКСТРАКТІВ РОСЛИН РОДИНИ LAMIACEAE: ФІТОХІМІЧНИЙ ПРОФІЛЬ ТА АНТИОКСИДАНТНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ

Introduction. The growing demand for natural bioactives drives the development of selective extraction technologies. Supercritical CO₂ yields pure, solvent-free extracts, but fractionating aromatic and antioxidant compounds from Lamiaceae plants requires systematic investigation. Aim. To investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), and marjoram (Origanum majorana) fractions from two-stage supercritical CO₂ extraction, and assess the residual meal. Methods. Consecutive solvent-free extraction separated volatiles (P = 10 MPa, T = 40 °C) and antioxidant complexes (P = 35 MPa, T = 50 °C). Antioxidant fractions were analysed for phenolic diterpenes (carnosic acid, carnosol) via HPLC, and total polyphenols (TPC) via Folin-Ciocalteu. Results. The two-stage process ensured distinct component separation. Stage one yielded 1.1–2.5 % essential oil-rich fractions (GC-MS profiles matched raw materials), suitable as natural flavourings. Stage two produced 2.2–4.0 % non-volatile antioxidant concentrates, applicable in foods without altering organoleptic properties. HPLC confirmed high diterpene phenols in rosemary (14.5 %) and sage (21.4 %) extracts. Marjoram's antioxidant potential relies on other polyphenols (TPC = 41 mg GAE/g). Rosmarinic acid was absent in all extracts despite its presence in raw materials. Conclusions. The fractions of supercritical CO₂-extracts from Lamiaceae plants were studied. The complex utilisation of raw materials to obtain functional ingredients with different action profiles was proven, and the possibility of using the meal as a by-product was revealed. The assessed phytochemical profiles and TPC values provide a scientific basis for predicting the stabilising effect of these extracts in fat-containing foods.