«ЗЕЛЕНА» ТА ПРОСТА МІКРОЕКСТРАКЦІЯ ОРГАНІЧНИХ БАРВНИКІВ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ГІДРОФОБНОГО ГЛИБОКОГО ЕВТЕКТИЧНОГО РОЗЧИННИКА ЯК ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ

This study reports the preparation and application of a non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) based on thymol–lactic acid for the liquid-liquid microextraction of organic dyes as pollutants. The type V HDES, synthesized from a mixture of thymol and lactic acid, was prepared at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 and tested as an extraction solvent. Nile Red solvatochromism was utilized to identify the polarity profile, effectively validating the hydrophobic nature of the HDES. Specifically, it has been discovered that this natural non-ionic HDES made of thymol and lactic acid efficiently eliminates organic dyes from water. The impacts of major operating parameters (solvent composition, water-to-HDES ratio, and pH) on organic dye removal efficiency were thoroughly explored, resulting in an optimal extraction efficiency of 80.91–90.0 %. Dye extraction increases with an increasing volume ratio of the HDES phase to the aqueous phase. The applicability and greenness of the proposed analytical method were evaluated using BAGI, ComplexMoGAPI, and AGSA tools, demonstrating its strong practical performance, high environmental friendliness, and excellent operational safety. The method is characterized by minimal sample preparation, low energy and solvent consumption, the use of renewable and low-toxicity reagents, high analytical efficiency, and fully integrated multi-analyte determination under safe conditions. Overall, the combined assessment confirms that the method is both highly applicable and sustainable for green analytical chemistry applications. The proposed method provides a practical and environmentally friendly solution for the selective simultaneous microextraction and spectrophotometric measurement of organic dyes.