Electrical Properties of Human Tissues and Cells: From Membrane Potential to Systemic Electrophysiology

{"Narrative":[0],"review":[1,368,797],"·":[2,4,7,11,237,242,250,252,255,263,270,276,286],"Preprint":[3],"Version":[5,356,485,741,756,914,1138],"1.5":[6,486],"Not":[8,12],"peer":[9],"reviewed":[10],"submitted":[13],"to":[14,36,54,190,352,648,1014,1051,1099,1115,1206,1234,1249],"a":[15,116,168,277,282,288,398,423,427,514,517,551,563,628,635,714,794,939,943,946,1006,1010,1021,1061,1125,1149,1171,1230],"journal.":[16],"A":[17,618,746,1140],"consolidated":[18],"reference":[19],"for":[20,74,161,280,344,466,817],"the":[21,34,37,45,57,63,67,75,85,92,99,103,108,126,150,156,178,182,187,209,220,292,327,373,388,402,406,413,430,433,449,462,470,479,501,505,524,568,573,592,595,613,638,679,689,696,721,767,784,801,845,851,865,874,894,901,920,926,949,957,971,978,1027,1040,1043,1054,1059,1068,1082,1087,1093,1113,1164,1175,1180,1211,1236],"measured":[22,188,264],"passive":[23,243],"and":[24,31,49,61,84,173,193,208,227,234,239,247,260,287,321,350,369,422,444,457,473,516,527,538,594,607,682,707,751,777,800,831,849,897,948,973,981,994,1005,1023,1089,1092,1102,1157,1170,1189,1192,1198,1228],"active":[25],"electrical":[26,284,1015],"properties":[27],"of":[28,59,78,107,137,171,291,358,405,429,504,523,549,585,688,770,788,796,806,868,880,933,956,996,1029,1152,1173,1202],"human":[29,138,268,274,293,340],"cells":[30,241],"tissues,":[32],"from":[33,411,651,670,793,911],"membrane":[35,135,183,204,566],"whole":[38],"body.":[39],"Each":[40],"value":[41,151,222,494,614,715,763],"is":[42,118,144,186,199,218,372,381,481,590,609,615,640,739,749,775,989,1045,1066,1118,1123],"reported":[43,64,111,119,508,561,839],"with":[44,62,326,440,1039],"species,":[46],"preparation,":[47],"method":[48,690],"frequency":[50],"range":[51],"that":[52,110,219,295,418,432,507,601,819,838,1214,1239,1251],"attached":[53],"it":[55,72,81,122,347,419,579,608,860,906,1122,1185],"at":[56,382,460,961],"point":[58],"measurement,":[60],"uncertainty":[65,1168],"where":[66,612],"source's":[68,569,596],"indexed":[69,100,502,657,697,768,931],"record":[70,101,105,503,698,769],"supplies":[71],"—":[73,102,106,148,339,346,397,438,810,816,905,1243],"tissue":[76,244,275,283,786],"resistivities":[77,787],"Table":[79,467,789,852,1240],"2":[80,468,790,853,1241],"does":[82,128,310],"not,":[83],"manuscript":[86,360,414,497,645,1101,1218],"says":[87,348],"so":[88,349,627,713],"rather":[89,693],"than":[90,694],"filling":[91],"gap.":[93,1252],"Quantitative":[94],"statements":[95],"were":[96,530,546,1084],"checked":[97,499,976],"against":[98,500,766],"abstract-level":[104],"source":[109,480,506,837],"them.":[112,354],"That":[113,774,886],"level":[114,540,1172],"confirms":[115],"number":[117],"as":[120,155,562,676,826,891,903,983,1195],"stated;":[121],"cannot":[123,699],"confirm":[124,700],"anything":[125],"abstract":[127,571,661,972,1165],"not":[129,167,175,297,311,436,475,482,724,813,883,900,952,1178,1187],"contain.":[130],"Organising":[131],"finding.":[132],"The":[133,164,214,378,555,587,644,736,821,966,987,1161,1217],"specific":[134,203,1098],"capacitance":[136,192],"neocortical":[139],"layer":[140],"2/3":[141],"pyramidal":[142],"neurons":[143],"approximately":[145,200],"0.5":[146],"µF/cm²":[147],"half":[149],"its":[152,542,703,827,1107],"discoverers":[153],"describe":[154],"commonly":[157],"accepted":[158],"“universal”":[159],"figure":[160,732,1245],"biological":[162],"membranes.":[163],"consequences":[165],"are":[166,174,195,458,469,583,673,691,791,882],"uniform":[169],"factor":[170],"two":[172,624,652,667],"all":[176,528,869,1154],"in":[177,267,273,401,495,565,580,684,873,970,977,1026,1053,1067,1106,1159],"same":[179,895,902,979],"direction:":[180],"because":[181,478,702,1121],"time":[184],"constant":[185,212],"quantity":[189,515,575],"which":[191,384,392,582,877,923],"resistance":[194,207],"jointly":[196],"fitted,":[197],"tau":[198],"preserved":[201],"while":[202,577,829],"resistance,":[205],"input":[206],"dendritic":[210],"space":[211],"increase.":[213],"source’s":[215],"own":[216,570,597,780],"conclusion":[217,734],"low":[221],"enhances":[223],"dendrite-to-soma":[224],"charge":[225],"transfer":[226],"axonal":[228],"spike":[229],"propagation.":[230],"Contents.":[231],"Membrane":[232],"parameters":[233],"resting":[235,677],"potential":[236],"excitable":[238],"non-excitable":[240],"conductivity,":[245],"resistivity":[246],"dielectric":[248],"dispersion":[249],"skin":[251],"whole-body":[253],"bioimpedance":[254],"ECG,":[256],"EEG,":[257],"EMG,":[258],"EDA":[259],"their":[261],"standards":[262],"applied":[265,1030,1207],"fields":[266,272,1205,1209],"cortex":[269],"endogenous":[271,1203],"minimum":[278],"specification":[279],"quoting":[281],"parameter":[285,1226],"named":[289,1007,1048],"list":[290],"measurements":[294],"do":[296,1177],"currently":[298],"exist.":[299],"Three":[300,452,544],"tables,":[301],"three":[302,389,1212],"figures,":[303],"44":[304,525,870],"verified":[305,765,1135],"references.":[306],"What":[307],"this":[308,359,371,496,778,1100,1136],"preprint":[309],"do.":[312],"It":[313,329,841],"makes":[314],"no":[315,319,323,331,660,753,1076,1096,1104,1128,1225,1244],"therapeutic":[316],"claim,":[317,969],"evaluates":[318],"device,":[320,1033],"describes":[322],"technology":[324],"associated":[325,1038],"author.":[328],"computes":[330],"pooled":[332],"estimate.":[333],"Where":[334],"only":[335,835],"animal":[336],"data":[337],"exist":[338],"skeletal":[341],"muscle":[342],"anisotropy,":[343],"example":[345],"declines":[351],"substitute":[353],"Status.":[355],"1.0":[357],"was":[361,394,498,560,621,709,764,861,899,975],"graded":[362,376,395,1190],"RED":[363,396],"by":[364,863,1086],"an":[365,990,1167],"adversarial":[366,1142],"internal":[367,1143],"corrected;":[370],"corrected":[374,919,1155],"version,":[375,488],"YELLOW.":[377],"change":[379,737],"log":[380,738],"§11.6,":[383],"carries":[385,929,941],"thirteen":[386],"rows:":[387],"grounds":[390],"on":[391,417,448,521,678,1009],"v1.0":[393],"physics":[399],"error":[400],"original":[403],"framing":[404],"membrane-capacitance":[407],"argument,":[408],"five":[409,955],"findings":[410],"sources":[412,655,872,958],"otherwise":[415],"relied":[416],"had":[420,603,888,924,1103,1186],"omitted,":[421],"competing-interests":[424],"declaration":[425,748,822],"asserting":[426],"property":[428],"text":[431,434,704],"did":[435,848,951],"support":[437],"together":[439],"nine":[441],"smaller":[442],"defects":[443,545],"one":[445,805,908,936],"correction":[446,602],"made":[447,605],"author's":[450],"instruction.":[451],"full-text":[453],"extractions":[454],"remain":[455],"outstanding":[456],"listed":[459,683,1158],"§11.3;":[461],"95%":[463],"confidence":[464,1237],"intervals":[465,1238],"priority":[471],"item":[472],"could":[474],"be":[476],"obtained":[477],"open":[483],"access.":[484],"(this":[487],"19":[489],"September":[490,744,917],"2026).":[491,745],"Every":[492,532],"quoted":[493],"it:":[509,783],"33":[510],"sentences":[511],"carry":[512,659],"both":[513,833],"citation":[518,717],"key,":[519],"drawing":[520],"26":[522,529],"references,":[526],"checked.":[531],"magnitude,":[533],"interval,":[534],"comparator,":[535],"sample":[536],"size":[537],"significance":[539],"matches":[541],"source.":[543],"found,":[547],"none":[548],"them":[550,881],"wrong":[552],"number.":[553],"(1)":[554],"squid-axon":[556],"impedance":[557],"result":[558,631],"[A06]":[559],"fall":[564],"resistance;":[567],"names":[572,850],"falling":[574],"\\"conductance\\"":[576],"giving":[578],"ohm·cm²,":[581],"units":[584,593],"resistance.":[586],"reading":[588,864],"here":[589,960,1120,1156],"what":[591,844],"analysis":[598],"require,":[599],"but":[600,664],"been":[604,726,889,1247],"silently,":[606],"now":[610,641,674,842,1219],"stated":[611,692],"quoted.":[616],"(2)":[617],"species":[619],"label":[620],"carried":[622],"across":[623],"adjacent":[625],"sentences,":[626,712],"rat":[629,639],"corneal":[630],"[C07]":[632],"sat":[633,907],"under":[634],"guinea-pig":[636],"label;":[637],"named.":[642],"(3)":[643],"correctly":[646],"declined":[647],"quote":[649],"magnitudes":[650],"foundational":[653],"skin-impedance":[654],"whose":[656,716],"records":[658,856,964,1229],"[B09,":[662],"B10],":[663],"still":[665],"drew":[666],"qualitative":[668],"characterisations":[669],"them;":[671],"those":[672,807],"marked":[675],"full":[680],"texts":[681],"§11.2.":[685],"Two":[686],"limits":[687],"implied:":[695],"units,":[701],"strips":[705],"superscripts;":[706],"extraction":[708],"pattern-based":[710],"over":[711,1145],"key":[718],"sits":[719],"outside":[720],"sentence":[722],"may":[723],"have":[725],"captured.":[727],"No":[728,1032],"finding,":[729],"value,":[730],"table,":[731],"or":[733,1036,1042,1049,1079,1112,1133],"changes.":[735,755],"§11.10.":[740],"1.4":[742],"(19":[743,916],"second":[747,1141,1231],"corrected,":[750],"again":[752],"science":[754],"1.3's":[757],"Use-of-AI-tools":[758],"statement":[759],"said":[760],"every":[761,804,934],"quantitative":[762],"\\"the":[771,836,930],"primary":[772,814,884,1196],"source\\".":[773],"false,":[776],"manuscript's":[779],"contents":[781],"refute":[782],"eight":[785],"drawn":[792],"meta-analysis":[795],"studies":[798],"[B06],":[799],"table":[802],"grades":[803],"rows":[808],"B":[809],"published":[811],"evidence,":[812],"measurement":[815],"exactly":[818],"reason.":[820],"also":[823,1220],"cited":[824,871,937,959],"§1.3":[825,830],"authority":[828],"§11.5":[832],"say":[834],"it\\".":[840],"states":[843,1221],"paper":[846],"actually":[847],"exception.":[854],"§11.9":[855],"it,":[857],"including":[858,1058],"how":[859],"found:":[862],"type":[866],"field":[867,1028],"deposited":[875,927],"database,":[876],"showed":[878],"17":[879],"measurements.":[885],"claim":[887],"flagged":[890],"unverified":[892],"earlier":[893],"day,":[896],"flagging":[898],"checking":[904],"query":[909],"away":[910],"being":[912],"disproved.":[913],"1.3":[915],"2026)":[918],"Data-and-materials":[921],"declaration,":[922,1057],"claimed":[925,1166],"bibliography":[928],"identifier":[932],"source\\";":[935],"source,":[938],"textbook,":[940],"neither":[942],"PMID":[944],"nor":[945],"DOI,":[947],"deposit":[950],"then":[953],"contain":[954],"all.":[962],"§11.8":[963],"that.":[965],"remaining":[967],"verification":[968,1174],"§11.5,":[974],"pass":[980,1144],"holds":[982,1020],"written.":[984],"Competing":[985],"interests.":[986],"author":[988,1041,1088],"electronics":[991],"engineer,":[992],"founder":[993],"Director":[995],"Rohera":[997],"Healthcare":[998],"&":[999],"Technology":[1000],"Pvt.":[1001],"Ltd.,":[1002],"Pune,":[1003],"India,":[1004],"inventor":[1008],"patent":[1011,1035],"family":[1012],"relating":[1013],"stimulation":[1016],"technology.":[1017],"He":[1018],"therefore":[1019],"financial":[1022],"intellectual":[1024],"interest":[1025],"bioelectricity.":[1031],"product,":[1034],"framework":[1037],"company":[1044,1094],"described,":[1046],"evaluated,":[1047],"referred":[1050],"anywhere":[1052],"manuscript.":[1055],"Full":[1056],"passages":[1060],"sceptical":[1062],"reader":[1063],"should":[1064],"scrutinise,":[1065],"Declarations":[1069],"section.":[1070],"Funding.":[1071],"Self-funded.":[1072],"This":[1073],"work":[1074],"received":[1075],"external,":[1077],"grant":[1078],"institutional":[1080],"funding;":[1081],"costs":[1083],"borne":[1085],"his":[1090],"companies,":[1091],"provided":[1095],"funding":[1097],"role":[1105],"design,":[1108],"conduct,":[1109],"analysis,":[1110],"drafting":[1111],"decision":[1114],"submit.":[1116],"Self-funding":[1117],"declared":[1119],"itself":[1124],"competing":[1126],"interest:":[1127],"external":[1129],"sponsor":[1130],"reviewed,":[1131],"constrained":[1132],"independently":[1134],"work.":[1137],"1.2.":[1139],"version":[1146],"1.1":[1147],"found":[1148],"further":[1150],"set":[1151],"defects,":[1153],"§11.7.":[1160],"most":[1162],"serious:":[1163],"column":[1169],"tables":[1176],"deliver;":[1179],"evidence-grading":[1181],"scheme":[1182],"used":[1183],"labels":[1184],"defined":[1188],"reviews":[1191],"consensus":[1193],"documents":[1194],"measurements;":[1197],"§9’s":[1199],"headline":[1200],"comparison":[1201],"wound":[1204],"cortical":[1208],"omitted":[1210],"facts":[1213],"weaken":[1215],"it.":[1216],"why":[1222],"§4":[1223],"contains":[1224],"values,":[1227],"failed":[1232],"attempt":[1233],"obtain":[1235],"needs":[1242],"has":[1246],"invented":[1248],"fill":[1250]}