The Current State of the Antimicrobial Resistance Problem in Russia: Risks and Responses

Abstract Antibiotics are the most important antimicrobial agents that have become the main means in humanity's fight today against infectious diseases. However, their widespread and often unjustified use has led to the development in infectious pathogens of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The phenomenon of AMR is the ability of microorganisms (including bacteria, microscopic fungi, and parasites) to survive and continue to grow under conditions of exposure to medications designed to inhibit them. Infections caused by AMR microorganisms are not only difficult to treat but are also associated with an increased risk of severe disease and even death. This review analyzes research articles on the problem of antimicrobial resistance published in open electronic databases over the past 5 years, as well as materials from the WHO and international surveillance systems for antimicrobial resistance. The results obtained can be used to formulate recommendations for improving the effectiveness of development and use of antimicrobial agents.