Trading Metal for Lives: What Real-World Warfare Teaches About the Future of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs)

{"The":[0,195],"war":[1],"in":[2,61,104],"Ukraine":[3],"has":[4,55,85,127],"become":[5],"the":[6,50,62,70,101,105,112,132,173,178,204],"largest":[7],"real-world":[8],"testing":[9],"ground":[10,13,66,187,221],"for":[11,43,108,193,200],"unmanned":[12,220],"vehicles":[14],"(UGVs),":[15],"stripping":[16],"away":[17,176],"exhibition-hall":[18],"narratives":[19],"and":[20,39,46,75,100,115,122,150,159,182,203],"exposing":[21],"what":[22],"these":[23,170],"systems":[24],"actually":[25],"do":[26],"under":[27],"fire.":[28],"This":[29],"working":[30],"paper":[31,196],"distills":[32],"five":[33],"practical":[34],"lessons":[35,171],"from":[36,177],"that":[37],"experience":[38],"assesses":[40],"their":[41],"implications":[42,199],"defense":[44,205],"markets":[45,213],"industrial":[47,206],"strategy.":[48],"First,":[49],"decisive":[51],"contribution":[52],"of":[53,72],"UGVs":[54],"been":[56],"logistical":[57],"rather":[58],"than":[59],"kinetic:":[60],"most":[63],"contested":[64,113],"sectors,":[65],"robots":[67],"now":[68],"perform":[69],"majority":[71],"last-mile":[73],"resupply":[74],"casualty":[76],"evacuation":[77],"(MEDEVAC),":[78],"reducing":[79],"infantry":[80],"exposure.":[81],"Second,":[82],"full":[83],"autonomy":[84],"largely":[86],"given":[87],"way":[88],"to":[89,95,153,190,211],"teleoperation,":[90],"with":[91,198,208],"artificial":[92],"intelligence":[93],"confined":[94],"a":[96,141,215],"narrow":[97],"assistive":[98],"role":[99],"human":[102],"kept":[103],"loop,":[106],"particularly":[107],"weapons":[109],"release.":[110],"Third,":[111],"electromagnetic":[114],"aerial":[116],"environment":[117],"—":[118,126],"saturated":[119],"by":[120],"reconnaissance":[121],"first-person-view":[123],"(FPV)":[124],"drones":[125],"made":[128],"survivability,":[129],"not":[130],"payload,":[131],"central":[133],"design":[134],"problem.":[135],"Fourth,":[136],"decentralized,":[137],"rapid":[138],"production":[139],"created":[140],"severe":[142],"standardization":[143],"crisis,":[144],"elevating":[145],"component":[146],"commonality,":[147],"open":[148],"architectures":[149],"forward":[151],"repair":[152],"strategic":[154],"priorities.":[155],"Fifth,":[156],"simple,":[157],"rugged":[158],"attritable":[160],"platforms":[161],"have":[162],"consistently":[163],"outperformed":[164],"expensive,":[165],"complex":[166],"ones.":[167],"Taken":[168],"together,":[169],"reframe":[172],"UGV":[174],"question":[175],"ultra-complex":[179],"autonomous":[180],"vehicle":[181],"toward":[183],"inexpensive,":[184],"robust,":[185],"network-integrated":[186],"tools":[188],"designed":[189],"\\"trade":[191],"metal":[192],"lives.\\"":[194],"concludes":[197],"procurement,":[201],"sustainment":[202],"base,":[207],"particular":[209],"relevance":[210],"emerging":[212],"seeking":[214],"realistic":[216],"entry":[217],"path":[218],"into":[219],"systems.":[222]}