Phytochemicals and Nanotechnology in the Management of Infertility

Reproductive medicine is a multidisciplinary field that involves the assessment and treatment of male and female reproductive systems. Advances in reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies have enhanced fertility management and increased opportunities for parenthood for millions of people. Regardless of fertility-sparing strategies, gamete and embryo selection, cryopreservation, and other approaches in infertility management, this condition remains a social and health issue, and increased precision is needed in managing this disease due to the limitations of conventional pharmacological and assisted reproductive technologies. Bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants have gained attention due to their therapeutic potential, although they have certain limitations, which nanotechnology has shown great potential in improving through targeted delivery of phytochemicals, enhancing bioavailability and stability. The use of nanotechnology has been explored to preserve fertility and gamete quality, support diagnosis, develop targeted nanomedicines, and create cellular therapeutics. The current review will highlight the role of nanotechnology in the targeted delivery of phytochemicals for the management of infertility. The article will focus on the application of nanocarriers in counteracting the low bioavailability of phytochemicals and discuss the potential of various nanomedicines. The review will also assess the role of nanotechnology, identify novel phytochemical formulations for the treatment of infertility, and evaluate the translational potential of nanomedicine in this field. Overall, the application of nanotechnology in phytochemical delivery offers a promising avenue for developing innovative and potentially more effective treatments for infertility.