Synergy of Vacuum and Trypsin Confers Ideal Properties to Decellularized Tracheal Scaffolds.

subcutaneous implantation showed minimal inflammatory cell infiltration and CD68-positive macrophage accumulation (nuclear area fraction: 0.10 ± 0.06%; CD68 IOD: 37,172.67 ± 5,454.95). In conclusion, vacuum-assisted 1.00% trypsin treatment yields decellularized tracheal scaffolds with thorough cell removal, preserved ECM, and favorable biocompatibility, although the mechanical properties require further reinforcement for clinical translation.