Evaluation of a Large Language Model Discharge Summary Hospital Course Tool: Improved Quality but Longer Documentation Time

{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"No":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"examined":[4],"the":[5,21,150,181,189,247,266],"effect":[6,22],"of":[7,23,121,149,276],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"(AI)-generated":[10],"hospital":[11,26,65,77,97],"courses":[12],"on":[13,29,85],"discharge":[14,30,82,104,161],"summary":[15,31,83,105,162,253,281],"documentation":[16,290],"time.":[17,291],"OBJECTIVES:":[18],"To":[19],"evaluate":[20],"an":[24],"AI-generated":[25,230],"course":[27,66,78],"tool":[28,67,152,191,207,248,268,279],"edit":[32,106,163,184,215,254],"time,":[33,107],"quality,":[34],"and":[35,52,133,145,235,283],"clinician":[36],"perceptions.":[37],"METHODS:":[38],"Observational":[39],"study":[40,166,260],"between":[41,165,259],"a":[42,53,69,75,139,157,211],"\\"Pre-AI":[43],"period\\"":[44,55],"(March":[45],"16,":[46],"2025":[47,58],"to":[48,59,73,114],"November":[49,86],"19,":[50],"2025)":[51],"\\"Post-AI":[54],"(November":[56],"20,":[57,87],"February":[60],"11,":[61],"2026).":[62],"An":[63],"AI":[64,151,190,206,267],"using":[68],"GPT":[70],"4.1":[71],"model":[72],"generate":[74],"draft":[76],"integrated":[79],"into":[80],"mandatory":[81],"templates":[84],"2025.":[88],"We":[89],"included":[90],"8,298":[91],"hospitalized":[92],"adults":[93],"cared":[94],"for":[95,126,131],"by":[96],"medicine":[98],"clinicians.":[99],"The":[100,278],"primary":[101],"outcome":[102],"was":[103,124,153,186,192,208,263,269,273],"defined":[108],"as":[109],"time":[110,164,185,216,255],"from":[111],"note":[112],"creation":[113],"signature":[115],"across":[116],"all":[117],"sessions.":[118],"A":[119],"subset":[120],"27":[122],"encounters":[123,179],"reviewed":[125],"cohesiveness,":[127],"comprehensiveness,":[128],"conciseness,":[129],"potential":[130,285],"harm,":[132],"overall":[134],"quality.":[135,146],"Thirty-six":[136],"clinicians":[137,245],"completed":[138],"survey":[140],"assessing":[141],"usability,":[142],"efficiency,":[143],"trustworthiness,":[144],"RESULTS:":[147],"Implementation":[148],"not":[154,257],"associated":[155,209],"with":[156,210],"significant":[158],"change":[159],"in":[160,180,214],"periods":[167,261],"(6.60":[168],"[IQR":[169,173,195,199],"3.4-13.5]":[170],"vs":[171,197],"6.28":[172],"3.2-13.0]":[174],"minutes,":[175,201],"p=0.11).":[176],"Among":[177],"2,206":[178],"Post-AI":[182],"period,":[183],"longer":[187,264],"when":[188,265],"used":[193],"(9.20":[194],"4.9-16.3]":[196],"4.93":[198],"2.5-9.7]":[200],"p<0.001).":[202],"In":[203],"multivariable":[204],"analysis,":[205],"32%":[212],"increase":[213,289],"(95%":[217],"CI":[218],"24%-41%,":[219],"p":[220],"<":[221],"0.001;":[222],"adjusted":[223],"R²":[224],"=":[225],"0.34).":[226],"Faculty":[227],"review":[228],"found":[229],"summaries":[231],"had":[232],"higher":[233],"quality":[234,282],"lower":[236],"harm":[237,286],"scores":[238],"but":[239,262,287],"were":[240],"less":[241],"concise.":[242],"31":[243],"(86.1%)":[244],"agreed":[246],"improved":[249,280],"efficiency.":[250,277],"CONCLUSIONS:":[251],"Discharge":[252],"did":[256],"differ":[258],"used.":[270],"However,":[271],"there":[272],"increased":[274],"perception":[275],"reduced":[284],"may":[288]}