Correlations of CO, SO2, PM10, NO2, and O3 with dry eye disease in Saudi Arabia.
PURPOSE: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease and has become a significant public health issue due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutant levels and DED in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah , Saudi Arabia. METHODS: ), and carbon monoxide (CO). RESULTS: = 0.041) was related to a 16% increase of diagnosed cases in the southern region. CONCLUSION: and CO levels were significantly correlated with DED, suggesting air pollutants are potential risk factors for DED. Controlling traffic emissions and industrial operations and adopting green commuting programs may contribute to lower occurrences of DED.
Authors
- Mohammad S. Alghamdi
- Amani Y. Alhalwani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-2767)
- Yumna Abdulmalek Bokhari
- Ismail I. Fasfous (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-8876)
- Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-7926)
- Abdulaziz J. Raggam
- Maan F. Alsharif
- Urszula Deneka
- Hashem Almarzouki
Institutions
- Medical University of Lublin (PL)
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (SA)
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital (SA)
- King Abdulaziz Medical City (SA)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (SA)
- King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (SA)
- Health Affairs (US)
- King Fahad Hospital Jeddah (SA)
- National Guard Health Affairs (SA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- PubMed
- Published
- 2026-09-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_286_24
- Primary Topic
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00