Penrose Tilings: 5-Fold Symmetry via Golden Ratio Projection from 5D Lattice — E8 Intelligence Research

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Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22823933
Primary Topic
Quasicrystal Structures and Properties
Type
preprint
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preprint

Penrose Tilings: 5-Fold Symmetry via Golden Ratio Projection from 5D Lattice — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quasicrystal Structures and Properties
preprint

Penrose Tilings: 5-Fold Symmetry via Golden Ratio Projection from 5D Lattice — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
preprint en

Abstract

FINDING: Penrose tilings are non-periodic, 5-fold symmetric tilings of the plane, generated by inflation/deflation rules whose scaling factor is the golden ratio squared (φ² = 2.618), and are equivalent to a 2D slice of a 5D cubic lattice (root lattice A₄). | MATH: Golden ratio φ = (1+√5)/2 ≈ 1.618; inflation factor = φ² = (3+√5)/2 ≈ 2.618; reciprocal = φ⁻² = (3−√5)/2 ≈ 0.382. The tiling's vertices project from Z⁵ onto a 2D plane via a 5-fold symmetric projection (de Bruijn's pentagrid). The algebraic number field is ℚ(√5), with units φ and φ⁻¹. The two Penrose rhombi have acute angles 36° and 72°, whose sines/cosines involve √5. The tiling's Fourier transform has Bragg peaks at positions indexed by Z⁵ (5D reciprocal lattice), not Z² — hence "quasicrystal" (Shechtman, 1982). | CONNECTION: Directly encodes 0.382 (φ⁻²), 0.618 (φ⁻¹), 1.618 (φ), 2.618 (φ²). The 5-fold symmetry is forbidden in periodic 2D/3D crystals (crystallographic restriction theorem) but allowed in 5D; the projection y Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Decent work and economic growth
Quasicrystal Structures and Properties
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Penrose Tilings: 5-Fold Symmetry via Golden Ratio Projection from 5D Lattice — E8 Intelligence Research — Andrew Stewart Caldin · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS