ENERGY RECUPERATION AND REDISTRIBUTION IN REVERSIBLE AND BRAKING MODES OF DC MOTORS IN HYBRID AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Hybrid autonomous power supply systems increasingly combine renewable energy sources, energy storage units, power electronic converters, and electrically driven loads in order to improve energy efficiency and operational reliability. Within such systems, reversible direct-current (DC) motor drives can perform not only mechanical work but also operate in generating and regenerative braking modes. During deceleration or reversal, the kinetic and potential energy associated with the mechanical load can be converted into electrical energy and returned to the common DC bus or transferred to an energy storage system. This process is particularly important in autonomous systems where available generation capacity and stored energy are limited. The scientific literature demonstrates that hybrid energy storage systems based on batteries and supercapacitors are suitable for separating long-duration energy requirements from short-duration high-power transients. Supercapacitors provide high power density and rapid charge–discharge capability, while batteries provide comparatively higher energy density and are better suited to longer-duration energy exchange [1], [2]. Research on regenerative braking has demonstrated that appropriate energy-flow management can increase the utilization of recovered energy and reduce battery stress [3], [4]. This thesis examines the operating principles of reversible DC motor drives, regenerative braking, bidirectional power conversion, and energy redistribution in autonomous hybrid power systems. Particular attention is given to the coordination of batteries, supercapacitors, DC-link voltage regulation, and bidirectional converters.