Joint Effusion: Contemporary Approaches to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation

This narrative review summarizes contemporary approaches to the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation of joint effusion. It discusses common causes of intra-articular fluid accumulation, clinical assessment, ultrasound imaging, arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis, therapeutic aspiration, selected intra-articular interventions, and rehabilitation. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying the underlying cause, excluding septic arthritis when clinically suspected, and restoring joint mobility and function.