Polysaccharide polymers as encapsulation matrices in functional textiles: a review

In the global market, there has been growing interest in textile products that not only provide user protection but also offer additional functionalities by integrating advanced technologies into fibers or chemical finishes. These functionalities include UV protection, antimicrobial properties, flame retardancy, insect repellency, fragrance release, and more. Many of these features rely on the micro- and nanoencapsulation of active compounds, which shield them from environmental factors, enable controlled release, and enhance durability through chemical bonding with the textile fibers. In this context, polysaccharide polymers are among the most used materials for encapsulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of carbohydrate-based capsules in the development of functional textiles, with a particular focus on recent finishing techniques, chemical bonding strategies with textile fibers, and approaches to ensuring the durability of these functionalities during repeated washing cycles.