Health education needs among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization in Vietnam

Abstract Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) often face a wide range of physical and psychological challenges. However, in Vietnam, evidence remains limited regarding the specific health education needs of this patient population during the TACE care pathway, particularly the educational content they need, their preferred methods of receiving information, and the factors associated with their level of health education needs. Therefore, understanding their health education needs is essential for improving patient-centered care and supporting patients throughout the treatment process. This study was conducted to assess the health education needs of patients with HCC undergoing TACE, explore their preferred methods of receiving health education, and identify factors associated with these needs. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among 125 patients with HCC undergoing TACE at a public hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from January to March 2025. Data were collected using an electronic self-administered questionnaire administered via Google Forms. Frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations were used for descriptive statistics. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the associations between participant characteristics and levels of health education needs. High health education needs were most commonly reported for dietary guidance (89.6%), follow-up visits (88.8%), and physical activity and rest (88.0%). Website-based education was the most preferred format (71.2%). Internet users were more likely to report high needs than non-users (77.9% vs. 52.4%; OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.21–8.48; p = 0.016). Inductive content analysis of open-ended responses from 53 participants identified three themes: care regimen, treatment and supportive medication counseling, and procedure-related complication risks. Patients undergoing TACE prioritized practical information on post-procedural self-care, including diet, follow-up visits, activity and rest, symptom monitoring, warning signs, and medication use. Nurses should routinely assess these needs and provide clear, individualized discharge education. Digital platforms may serve as complementary tools for patients who prefer and are able to access online education.