Alcohol consumption in later life: sociodemographic, health, and social participation determinants among older adults in Türkiye

Population ageing represents a major public health challenge, particularly in countries such as Türkiye undergoing rapid demographic transition. Among older adults, alcohol consumption is a critical yet frequently overlooked behavior that may undermine healthy ageing trajectories. Alcohol use in later life is associated with increased risks of falls, adverse drug–alcohol interactions due to polypharmacy, cognitive decline, and other negative health outcomes. Accordingly, alcohol consumption has emerged as an important issue within the geriatric population. This study aims to identify the determinants of alcohol consumption among older adults in an ageing society context. This study utilizes nationally representative microdata from the 2023 Türkiye Older Adult Profile Survey, conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The sample includes individuals aged 65 years and older. The complementary log–log regression model was employed to examine the factors associated with current alcohol use. The dependent variable is older adults’ current alcohol consumption status. Independent variables were conceptualized within a multidimensional framework, encompassing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, physical and mental health indicators, social participation measures, and cultural and value-oriented variables. The findings reveal that alcohol consumption among older adults is shaped not only by individual health-related factors but also by broader demographic, economic, social participation, and cultural dimensions. Being male, having higher educational attainment and income levels, living alone, labor force participation, tobacco use, and engagement in social and cultural activities are positively associated with the likelihood of alcohol consumption. Conversely, higher levels of religious engagement and optimism about the future are negatively associated with alcohol use. The results indicate that alcohol consumption in later life should not be conceptualized solely as a health-related behavior but also as an element embedded within lifestyle patterns and social participation structures. Identifying the factors associated with alcohol use provides valuable insights for preventive strategies and early intervention efforts within primary healthcare services and geriatric monitoring systems. Policies and intervention programs targeting older adults should be designed with careful consideration of the diverse sociodemographic, health, and social participation characteristics of the ageing population.