SMAX1 integrates KAI2 and ethylene signaling to regulate Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth in light

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Experimental Botany
Published
2026-09-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag471
Primary Topic
Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

SMAX1 integrates KAI2 and ethylene signaling to regulate Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth in light

Satoshi Ogawa, David C. Nelson, Caroline Gutjahr, Skyler Wong
Journal of Experimental Botany
Plant Parasitism and Resistance
article

SMAX1 integrates KAI2 and ethylene signaling to regulate Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth in light

Satoshi Ogawa, David C. Nelson, Caroline Gutjahr, Skyler Wong
article en

Abstract

Abstract Plant development is regulated by a complex interplay of multiple signaling pathways driven by small signaling molecules, including plant hormones. A signaling pathway activated by karrikins (KARs), a class of compounds found in smoke that putatively mimic an endogenous plant signaling molecule, "KAI2 ligand" (KL), controls seedling photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recently demonstrated that in roots of Lotus japonicus and A. thaliana, the gaseous plant hormone ethylene promotes accumulation of a transcriptional regulator SMAX1 that negatively regulates KAR/KL response and is targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome after KAR/KL perception. This ethylene-inducible accumulation of SMAX1 suggests convergence of KAR/KL- and ethylene-driven signaling pathways at SMAX1. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethylene signaling on SMAX1-regulated hypocotyl growth in A. thaliana. Chemical inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis reduced hypocotyl elongation in a SMAX1-dependent manner that was independent of KAR/KL signaling. We propose a model in which SMAX1 mediates developmental processes by integrating multiple plant hormone-driven signaling pathways.

Journal of Experimental Botany
University of California, Riverside (US), RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (JP), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Plant Parasitism and Resistance
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