Renewable Energy Transitions and Progress Toward SDG 7

The objective of the seventh SDG (Goal 7) is to ensure access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy sources by 2030. In relation to India and Brazil of the Global South, they have been identified as important countries regarding promoting renewable energy transition. These two states share common problems in terms of energy security, impacts of climate change, and increasing demands of electricity; however, they have adopted different approaches. India has focused on harnessing solar, wind and hydro energy under such policies as the National Action Plan on Climate Change, Renewable Energy Certificate, and Production Linked Incentive for solar energy. On the other hand, Brazil has depended on hydropower and has incorporated the use of wind, solar, and biofuel, along with the energy auction and PROINFA programs. This study employs qualitative comparative analysis by considering secondary data collected from Indian and Brazilian governments, IEA and IRENA, and scholarly journals between 2010 and 2023. While these countries have made significant contributions to renewable energy, both still suffer from a lack of grid, financial and technological difficulties, dependency on foreign technologies, and ineffective policy implementation. According to the research findings, more collaboration between the two can increase energy security and contribute significantly to technology transfer.