On a new model of COVID-19 transmission by incorporating booster dose vaccination and suggested treatments in India

Abstract In this study, a COVID-19 model that is driven by an eight-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations is developed and analyzed, incorporating the primary and booster dose vaccinated individual’s compartments. Initially, the basic properties of the model are examined, and the threshold quantity is obtained. Further, the stability of the equilibrium points of the model is investigated analytically. Moreover, a nonlinear least squares technique is used to calibrate the model parameters based on the cumulative number of COVID-19 reported cases in India. The best-fitted model parameters are found to interpret the consequences of various parameters. In addition, sensitivity analysis is investigated and awareness parameter is identified as the most influential parameter. Moreover, a numerical simulation of the model has been done to compare the consequences of vaccination. In addition, the essence of vaccine efficacy and awareness are examined by considering the different scenarios. It has been found that perceiving preventive measures (pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical) significantly reduces the spread of disease amongst the people. Particularly, an increment in the booster dose vaccination and awareness of the disease reduces the number of infected individuals and expands the recovery. Therefore, it is instructed that to protect India from another outbreak of COVID-19, the speed of the booster dose vaccination and awareness campaign should be encouraged.