IgE ‐Binding Bacterial Components Not Yet Documented in the Allergen Databases and Their Allergenic Mechanisms: An EAACI Position Paper

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Publication Details

Journal
Allergy
Published
2026-09-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/all.70510
Primary Topic
Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

IgE ‐Binding Bacterial Components Not Yet Documented in the Allergen Databases and Their Allergenic Mechanisms: An EAACI Position Paper

Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Vera Mahler, Christiane Hilger, Marua Abu Risha et al.
Allergy
Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
article

IgE ‐Binding Bacterial Components Not Yet Documented in the Allergen Databases and Their Allergenic Mechanisms: An EAACI Position Paper

Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Vera Mahler, Christiane Hilger, Marua Abu Risha, Joana Vitte, Markus Ollert, Josefina Zakzuk, Ioana Agache, Gabriele Gadermaier, Richard E. Goodman, Ludger Klimek, Frieder Schmiedeke, Monika Raulf, Riccardo Castagnoli, Uta Jappe, Claus Bachert, Alain Jacquet, Amir Guemari, Marianne van Hage, Anna Pomés, Thomas A.E. Platts‐Mills, Annette Kuehn, Barbara M. Bröker, Jonas Lidholm, Sabine Kespohl
article en

Abstract

Among bacteria that are associated with the development and/or exacerbation of allergic/atopic diseases, several have been described to produce IgE-binding components. However, only one bacterial protein, Bac s 1, is currently listed in the official database of the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee. The aim of this position paper was to identify potential bacterial allergens and their reported clinical relevance in the published literature and consider candidates for the Allergen Nomenclature database. PubMed and the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature database were searched up to October 2025. Consensus was obtained during task force meetings and by a written commentary process. Sixty-six IgE-binding components in 20 different species of bacteria were found, most associated with clinical symptoms. Allergen candidates include staphylococcal superantigens, bacterial enzymes, and components from two Chlamydia species, some of which are potential marker allergens for disease severity. The results point to long-neglected evidence of "bacterial allergy" that in certain cases may be induced by unconventional mechanisms. Diseases that are currently considered non-allergic might be re-classified as allergic if these IgE-binding components are recognized as allergens and used for diagnosis in the future.

Allergy
University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US), Karolinska University Hospital (SE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE), University of Cartagena (CO), Inserm (FR), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), Chulalongkorn University (TH), University of Southern Denmark (DK), University of Salzburg (AT), University of Pavia (IT), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE), Odense University Hospital (DK), Transylvania University of Brașov (RO), Universität Greifswald (DE), Thermo Fisher Scientific (Sweden) (SE), Augenstern (DE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (FR), CK-CARE (CH), Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie (DE), Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine (DE), Charlottesville Medical Research (US), Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center (DE), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (CN), German Center for Lung Research (DE), Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione (IT), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT), University of Virginia (US), Paul Ehrlich Institut (DE), University of Lübeck (DE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (FR)
European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Partnerships for the goals
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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