Investigation of Dyeing and Fastness Behaviors of Bio-Mordanted Wool Fabric Dyed with Black Carrot Natural Dye

In this study, the coloring of wool fabric samples using a natural dye extracted from black carrots has been investigated using the ultrasonic-assisted method. The natural dye was extracted from black carrots with conventional heating. Before the dyeing process, the samples were bio-mordanted by lemon juice with the ultrasonic-assisted method for 2, 4, and 6 min at 80°C. After the bio-mordanting process, the samples were dyed with black carrot natural dye using the ultrasonic-assisted method for 3, 6, and 9 min at 80°C with different dye concentrations. The effects of dye concentration, ultrasonic and conventional dyeing techniques, bio-mordanting, and dyeing time were compared in terms of CIELab values, fastness behaviors, and color strength. The lightfastness of the samples was determined as low generally; however, the rubbing and washing fastness of the samples have high values. In this study, an optimizable support vector machine (OSVM) model was presented and applied to estimate the dyeing behaviors of wool fabrics, including L, a, b, K/S, light fastness, color change, dry rubbing fastness, and wet rubbing fastness. The results demonstrate that the suggested OSVM model is effective in estimating the dyeing behaviors of wool fabrics.