Clinical case of cement pulmonary embolism after vertebroplasty

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a well-known material used in vertebroplasty procedures, characterized by minimal toxic effects, strength, and reliability. As the number of spinal stabilization procedures increases, the incidence of complications also rises, one of which is pulmonary cement embolism. While most cases in clinical practice are asymptomatic or mild, some can be severe, requiring rapid recognition and potentially life-saving intervention. We present a clinical case of a patient after vertebroplasty who exhibited mild clinical symptoms and CT findings indicative of pulmonary cement embolism, in whom a conservative therapeutic approach was successfully applied. The aim of this report is to review current treatment algorithms for PMMA embolism. At present, there is no established evidence-based unified strategy for diagnosis and management.